039Transition metal · Group 3 · Period 5
Yttrium
Yttrium (Y) is element 39, a transition metal in the d-block — group 3, period 5. It is a solid at room temperature with 5 electron shells (2, 8, 18, 9, 2) and an atomic mass of 88.905842 u.
- Atomic mass
- 88.91 u
- Phase · STP
- solid
- Melting
- 1799 K · 1526 °C
- Boiling
- 3203 K · 2930 °C
- Electronegativity
- 1.22
- Density
- 4.472 g/cm³
Photograph — Jan Anskeit, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons
Identity
- Atomic number
- 39
- Standard atomic weight
- 88.91 u
- Category
- Transition metal
- Group
- 3
- Period
- 5
- Block
- d-block
- Oxidation states
- +3
Physical properties
- Melting point
- 1799 K · 1526 °C
- Boiling point
- 3203 K · 2930 °C
- Density
- 4.472 g/cm³
- Molar heat capacity
- 26.53 J/(mol·K)
- Atomic radius
- 219 pm
- Electron affinity
- 29.6 kJ/mol
Atomic structure
39protons
50neutrons
39electrons
2valence e⁻
- Noble-gas notation
- [Kr] 4d1 5s2
- Full configuration
- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d1
- Electrons per shell
- 2, 8, 18, 9, 2
Periodic trends
Where Yttrium ranks across all 118 elements.
Ionization energies
Energy to remove each successive electron (kJ/mol).
6001
1.2k2
2.0k3
5.8k4
7.4k5
9.0k6
11.2k7
12.4k8
14.1k9
18.4k10
Successive ionization energies (kJ/mol, log scale).
Discovery
- Discovered
- 1794
- Discovered by
- Johan Gadolin
- Named by
- —
- Appearance
- silvery white