028Transition metal · Group 10 · Period 4
Nickel
Nickel (Ni) is element 28, a transition metal in the d-block — group 10, period 4. It is a solid at room temperature with 4 electron shells (2, 8, 16, 2) and an atomic mass of 58.69344 u.
- Atomic mass
- 58.69 u
- Phase · STP
- solid
- Melting
- 1728 K · 1455 °C
- Boiling
- 3003 K · 2730 °C
- Electronegativity
- 1.91
- Density
- 8.908 g/cm³
Photograph — Materialscientist at English Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons
Identity
- Atomic number
- 28
- Standard atomic weight
- 58.69 u
- Category
- Transition metal
- Group
- 10
- Period
- 4
- Block
- d-block
- Oxidation states
- +3, +2
Physical properties
- Melting point
- 1728 K · 1455 °C
- Boiling point
- 3003 K · 2730 °C
- Density
- 8.908 g/cm³
- Molar heat capacity
- 26.07 J/(mol·K)
- Atomic radius
- 163 pm
- Electron affinity
- 111.65 kJ/mol
Atomic structure
28protons
31neutrons
28electrons
2valence e⁻
- Noble-gas notation
- [Ar] 3d8 4s2
- Full configuration
- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d8
- Electrons per shell
- 2, 8, 16, 2
Periodic trends
Where Nickel ranks across all 118 elements.
Ionization energies
Energy to remove each successive electron (kJ/mol).
737.11
1.8k2
3.4k3
5.3k4
7.3k5
10.4k6
12.8k7
15.6k8
18.6k9
21.7k10
Successive ionization energies (kJ/mol, log scale).
Discovery
- Discovered
- 1751
- Discovered by
- Axel Fredrik Cronstedt
- Named by
- —
- Appearance
- lustrous, metallic, and silver with a gold tinge