025Transition metal · Group 7 · Period 4
Manganese
Manganese (Mn) is element 25, a transition metal in the d-block — group 7, period 4. It is a solid at room temperature with 4 electron shells (2, 8, 13, 2) and an atomic mass of 54.9380443 u.
- Atomic mass
- 54.94 u
- Phase · STP
- solid
- Melting
- 1519 K · 1246 °C
- Boiling
- 2334 K · 2061 °C
- Electronegativity
- 1.55
- Density
- 7.21 g/cm³
Photograph — W. Oelen, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons
Identity
- Atomic number
- 25
- Standard atomic weight
- 54.94 u
- Category
- Transition metal
- Group
- 7
- Period
- 4
- Block
- d-block
- Oxidation states
- +7, +4, +3, +2
Physical properties
- Melting point
- 1519 K · 1246 °C
- Boiling point
- 2334 K · 2061 °C
- Density
- 7.21 g/cm³
- Molar heat capacity
- 26.32 J/(mol·K)
- Atomic radius
- 197 pm
- Electron affinity
- -50 kJ/mol
Atomic structure
25protons
30neutrons
25electrons
2valence e⁻
- Noble-gas notation
- [Ar] 3d5 4s2
- Full configuration
- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d5
- Electrons per shell
- 2, 8, 13, 2
Periodic trends
Where Manganese ranks across all 118 elements.
Ionization energies
Energy to remove each successive electron (kJ/mol).
717.31
1.5k2
3.2k3
4.9k4
7.0k5
9.2k6
11.5k7
18.8k8
21.4k9
24.0k10
Successive ionization energies (kJ/mol, log scale).
Discovery
- Discovered
- 1774
- Discovered by
- Torbern Olof Bergman
- Named by
- —
- Appearance
- silvery metallic