063Lanthanide · Group 3 · Period 6

Europium

Europium (Eu) is element 63, a lanthanide in the f-block — group 3, period 6. It is a solid at room temperature with 6 electron shells (2, 8, 18, 25, 8, 2) and an atomic mass of 151.9641 u.

Atomic mass: 152.0 u
Phase · STP: solid
Melting: 1099 K · 826 °C
Boiling: 1802 K · 1529 °C
Electronegativity: 1.2
Density: 5.264 g/cm³

Photograph — Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/europium.php

Identity

Atomic number: 63
Standard atomic weight: 152.0 u
Category: Lanthanide
Group: 3
Period: 6
Block: f-block
Oxidation states: +3, +2

Physical properties

Melting point: 1099 K · 826 °C
Boiling point: 1802 K · 1529 °C
Density: 5.264 g/cm³
Molar heat capacity: 27.66 J/(mol·K)
Atomic radius: 233 pm
Electron affinity: 11.2 kJ/mol

Atomic structure

63protons

89neutrons

63electrons

2valence e⁻

Noble-gas notation: [Xe] 4f7 6s2
Full configuration: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f7
Electrons per shell: 2, 8, 18, 25, 8, 2

Periodic trends

Where Europium ranks across all 118 elements.

Electronegativity1.2

Ionization energy547.1 kJ/mol

Electron affinity11.2 kJ/mol

Density5.264 g/cm³

Atomic radius233 pm

Ionization energies

Energy to remove each successive electron (kJ/mol).

547.1

1.1k

2.4k

4.1k

Successive ionization energies (kJ/mol, log scale).

Discovery

Discovered: 1901
Discovered by: Eugène-Anatole Demarçay
Named by: —
Appearance: —