083Post-transition metal · Group 15 · Period 6
Bismuth
Bismuth (Bi) is element 83, a post-transition metal in the p-block — group 15, period 6. It is a solid at room temperature with 6 electron shells (2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5) and an atomic mass of 208.980401 u.
- Atomic mass
- 209.0 u
- Phase · STP
- solid
- Melting
- 545 K · 272 °C
- Boiling
- 1837 K · 1564 °C
- Electronegativity
- 2.02
- Density
- 9.78 g/cm³
Photograph — Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/bismuth.php
Identity
- Atomic number
- 83
- Standard atomic weight
- 209.0 u
- Category
- Post-transition metal
- Group
- 15 · Pnictogens
- Period
- 6
- Block
- p-block
- Oxidation states
- +5, +3
Physical properties
- Melting point
- 545 K · 272 °C
- Boiling point
- 1837 K · 1564 °C
- Density
- 9.78 g/cm³
- Molar heat capacity
- 25.52 J/(mol·K)
- Atomic radius
- 207 pm
- Electron affinity
- 90.924 kJ/mol
Atomic structure
83protons
126neutrons
83electrons
5valence e⁻
- Noble-gas notation
- [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
- Full configuration
- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p3
- Electrons per shell
- 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5
Periodic trends
Where Bismuth ranks across all 118 elements.
Ionization energies
Energy to remove each successive electron (kJ/mol).
7031
1.6k2
2.5k3
4.4k4
5.4k5
8.5k6
Successive ionization energies (kJ/mol, log scale).
Discovery
- Discovered
- 1753
- Discovered by
- Claude François Geoffroy
- Named by
- —
- Appearance
- lustrous silver